These are the stable editions. If you are looking for the Fortran 2008 variant see the experimental version
The Fortran module M_KRACKEN(3f) lets you use Unix-like command line arguments very easily. You can call your command like this:
krackenbasic -r 333.333 -f /home/urbanjs/testin -l -i 300
with very little code:
program krackenbasic use M_kracken character(255) filename logical lval ! define command arguments, default values and crack command line call kracken('cmd','-i 10 -r 10e3 -d 4.1123344d0 -l .false. -f input') ! get values call retrev('cmd_f',filename,iflen,ier) ! get -f FILENAME lval = lget('cmd_l') ! get -l present? rval = rget('cmd_r') ! get -r RVAL dval = dget('cmd_d') ! get -d DBLEVAL ival = iget('cmd_i') ! get -i IVAL ! all done parsing; do something with the values print *, "filename=",filename(:iflen) print *, " i=",ival, " r=",rval, " l=",lval, "d=",dval end program krackenbasic
Here's another simple example that isolates all the parsing in a main program that then calls the real application
program krackenbasic use M_kracken ! define command arguments, default values and crack command line call kracken('cmd', & & '-int 20 & & -real 10e3 & & -dble 4.11223344556677d0 & & -logical .false. & & -file input' & & ) ! all done parsing; do something with the values call mymain( & & sget('cmd_file'), & & lget('cmd_logical'), & & rget('cmd_real'), & & dget('cmd_dble'), & & iget('cmd_int') & & ) end program krackenbasic subroutine mymain(filename,flag,value1,value2,ivalue1) character*(*) filename doubleprecision value2 logical flag ! do something with the values print *, 'filename=',trim(filename) print *, 'values=',flag,value1,value2,ivalue1 end subroutine mymain ! expected output: ! filename=input ! values= F 10000.0000 4.1122334455667700 20
KRACKEN(3f) provides:
SUBROUTINE kracken(verb, string[,ierror]) ! arbitrary command name, usually 'cmd' CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: verb ! prototype command to define keywords and defaults ! this string is simply a list of all keywords and their ! default values exactly as you would type them on the ! command line CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: string ! If an error occurs such as an unknown keyword the ! calling program will be stopped unless the optional ! parameter IERROR is present. If present, it is up ! to the calling program to decide what to do if ! a non-zero value is returned. INTEGER, INTENT(OUT), OPTIONAL :: ierror END SUBROUTINE kracken CALL KRACKEN('cmd','-start 1 -end 100')
SUBROUTINE retrev(name, val, len, ier) ! parameter name of form VERB_KEYWORD CHARACTER(len=*),intent(in) :: name ! returned parameter value CHARACTER(len=*),intent(out):: val ! length of returned string INTEGER,intent(out) :: len ! error flag. Any non-zero value means an error occurred INTEGER,intent(out) :: ier END SUBROUTINE retrev CALL RETREV('cmd_start',val,len,ier)
SUBROUTINE string_to_real(chars, valu, ierr) ! string representing numeric value to convert CHARACTER(len=*), intent(in) :: chars ! real value returned from reading string CHARS REAL, intent(out) :: valu ! if non-zero an error occurred INTEGER, intent(out) :: ierr END SUBROUTINE string_to_real val='1' call string_to_real(VAL,x,ierr)
SUBROUTINE delim(INLINE,array,n,icount,ibegin,iterm,ilen,dlim) CHARACTER(*) INLINE, dlim *(*) ! INLINE is the string to break into tokens CHARACTER array(n)*(*) ! array is the array to fill with tokens INTEGER icount, ibegin(n), iterm(n), ilen ! icount is how many tokens are found ! ibegin(1:icount) = starting column numbers for the tokens in INLINE ! iend(1:icount)=ending column numbers for the tokens in INLINE ! ilen is the position of last non-blank character in INLINE ! dlim is a string of single characters to use as delimiters END SUBROUTINE delim
If ARRAY(N) fills before reaching the end of the line the routine stops. Check "if(iend(icount) .eq. ilen)" to see if you got to the end.
There are also convenience functions for getting simple values
lval=lget(VERB_ARGNAME) !gets a "logical" value. rval=rget(VERB_ARGNAME) !gets a "real" value. dval=rget(VERB_ARGNAME) !gets a "doubleprecision" value. ival=iget(VERB_ARGNAME) !gets a "integer" value sval=sget(VERB_ARGNAME) !gets a "character" value
The following example is a bit long compared to typical use; but exercises all the options. The command generated will have parameters -i, -r, -l, -par1, -par2, and -par3. And here is a main program that does just that ...
program krackentest use M_kracken ! call with an arbitrary verb name and a prototype string that defines ! allowable switch names and default values call kracken('mycommand', &' -i 10 -r 200.3 -l -par1 "#N#" -par2 -par3 10 20 30 -files', & & ierror) ! that's it. You defined your command arguments and their default ! values and parsed the user-supplied command line arguments. ! ! Now you can just retrieve the values as strings using ! names of the form VERB_SWITCHNAME anywhere in your program. ! Note that the special name "VERB_oo" is for the string ! before any switch. to see how look at the SAMPLES() procedure call samples() end
When the user types
mycommand one two -l -i 10 -three four -files file1 file2 file3
the program should complain about -three not being a valid option and will create names that can be used with RETREV(3f).
So lets take a look at something that calls RETREV(3F) and the convenience functions (LGET(),IGET(),RGET(),DGET(),....). For completeness, I show the use of string_to_real(3F) to convert the string returned by RETREV(3F) to a number; and the use of DELIM(3F) to break down a returned list into words. Note that as long as the routines are not called many times (because they are slower than common alternatives), you can just put the calls to RETREV() where you need the information instead of passing the values around or putting them into a COMMON or MODULE.
C=======================================================================-------- SUBROUTINE samples USE M_kracken CHARACTER*255 value LOGICAL lval C everything before any switch is always VERB_oo call RETREV('mycommand_oo',value,len,ier) write(*,*)'before any switch=',value(:len) C Getting an integer from -i value inumber=IGET('mycommand_i') write(*,*)'value for -i =',inumber,' divided by 2 is ',inumber/2 C Getting a real number from -r value anumber=RGET('mycommand_r') write(*,*)'value for -r =',anumber,'divided by 2 is ',anumber/2 C Getting a logical value from -l value lval=LGET('mycommand_l') write(*,*)'value for -l =',lval C Getting a string (with a default) from -par1 call RETREV('mycommand_par1',value,len,ier) write(*,*)'value for -par1 =',value(:len) C Getting a string (with no default) from -par2 call RETREV('mycommand_par2',value,len,ier) write(*,*)'value for -par2 =',value(:len) C Getting a string with a multi-word default and splitting it from -par3 call listem('mycommand_par3','-par3',.true.) C List of files call listem('mycommand_files','-files',.false.) end C=======================================================================-------- SUBROUTINE listem(keyword,label,toreal) USE M_kracken C Just getting fancy and showing the use of DELIM(3F) C SAMPLE that decomposes list of strings and optionally, numbers C and prints it. C Delimit with space, comma, or colon LOGICAL toreal CHARACTER*(*) keyword CHARACTER*(*) label CHARACTER*255 value C for DELIM call if you want to break down a list CHARACTER*255 array(132) INTEGER ibegin(132) INTEGER iterm(132) C get the value of the keyword and the length CALL RETREV(keyword,value,len,ier) WRITE(*,*)'value for ',label,'=',value(:len) C split the list into one word per array call DELIM(value,array,132,igot,ibegin,iterm,ilen,' ,:') C print and optionally convert each word into a numeric value DO i10=1,igot WRITE(*,*)i10,') ',array(i10)(:len_trim(array(i10))) IF(toreal)THEN CALL string_to_real(array(i10),anumber,ier) IF(ier.eq.0)THEN WRITE(*,*)' which is a number' ELSE WRITE(*,*) ' which is not a number' ENDIF ENDIF ENDDO RETURN END C=======================================================================--------
This shows the expected output of the execution:
# Remember the command was defined by # call kracken('mycommand',& # &' -i 10 -r 200.3 -l -par1 "#N#" -par2 -par3 10 20 30 -- ',& & ierror) # # user types mycommand one two -l -i 10 -three four -- file1 file2 file3 # response should be >:error: UNKNOWN OPTION mycommand_three before any switch=one two value for -i =10 divided by 2 is 5 value for -r =200.3 divided by 2 is 100.15 value for -par1 =#N# value for -par2 = value for -par3=10 20 30 1) 10 which is a number 2) 20 which is a number 3) 30 which is a number value for --=file1 file2 file3 1) file1 2) file2 3) file3
A little bit of special processing occurs
The menu mode feature is in a state of flux and may change significantly ...
All commands automatically have the parameter "-?". If it is present, a menu appears after any specified options have been applied that allows for changing parameters interactively.
The default prompts are the keywords themselves and their current values. To set your own prompts call SETPROMPTS(3f):
call setprompts(verb_name,options_and_prompts)
where the special prompt string "#N#" means to not allow prompting for this parameter. For example:
! set prompts for interactive mode ... call setprompts('copy',' & & -oo "#N#" & & -i Enter input file name & & -o Enter output file name & & -version "#N#" & & -help "#N#" & & ') call kracken('copy','-i -o -version .false. -help .false')
Then the command
copy -?would only prompt for the -i and -o parameters.
If you read this far, you probably want the source. You'll be happy to know it's annotated more thoroughly than this example is.
To get a demonstration program and the source for the kracken library download the following source files:
# compile a demo program and the source for kracken(3F) and # associated routines g95 M_kracken.f90 krackentest.f90 # or if you prefer ANSI-77 syntax an alternate (static) version is available g77 kracken-test-1.f kracken.f
The primary idea of libraries is to eliminate duplicate code. Therefore, while the f90+ version is actively maintained, the f77 version should be considered essentially static. That being said, there are cases where the f77 version is preferred. So the f77 has been upgraded to remove the external function JULEN(3f) and replace it with the standard f90 intrinsic function LEN_TRIM(3f) and to make explicit declarations for all variables (20131206). Thanks go to Walid Keyrouz!
Here are some donated contributions that will be incorporated directly into M_KRACKEN(3f) in the future ...
The routine GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENTS() is the only one that actually reads from the command line. The f90+ version assumes your compiler has GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENTS(). The f77+ version assumes your compiler has GETARGS() and IARGC(). If neither is the case and you don't know how to make your own GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENTS() look-alike, It is VERY likely you can get a GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT() from the F2KCLI package from WINTERACTER.
You may note that the parsing rules are not identical to Unix, although very similar. There is no way to terminate a keyword except by starting a new keyword; and the keyword -oo is implied after the verb; and you cannot combine keywords (-ir is not equivalent to -i -r, which is sometimes allowed on Unix commands). You may find the way to include a literal double-quote character (") as part of an input value is the most unlike Unix (Hint: Double the double-quote. See code comments for details).
If you don't need GNU/Unix syntax and you have a Fortran 2003-compliant compiler, an alternative that uses NAMELIST is promising and very simple. I also have a few links to related sites in the optional "OMNIUM-GATHERIUM" section.